pnpm 与 npm

npm 的扁平树

¥npm's flat tree

npm 从版本 3 开始维护 扁平化依赖树。这会减少磁盘空间的膨胀，并带来混乱的 node_modules 目录的副作用。

¥npm maintains a flattened dependency tree as of version 3. This leads to less disk space bloat, with a messy node_modules directory as a side effect.

另一方面，pnpm 通过使用到全局磁盘内容可寻址存储的硬链接和符号链接来管理 node_modules。这可以让你获得更少的磁盘空间使用的好处，同时还能保持 node_modules 的清洁。如果你想了解更多信息，可以查看有关 存储布局 的文档。

¥On the other hand, pnpm manages node_modules by using hard linking and symbolic linking to a global on-disk content-addressable store. This lets you get the benefits of far less disk space usage, while also keeping your node_modules clean. There is documentation on the store layout if you wish to learn more.

pnpm 正确的 node_modules 结构的好处是它“有助于避免愚蠢的错误”，使得无法使用项目 package.json 中未指定的模块。

¥The good thing about pnpm's proper node_modules structure is that it "helps to avoid silly bugs" by making it impossible to use modules that are not specified in the project's package.json.

安装

¥Installation

pnpm 不允许安装未将软件包保存到 package.json 的软件包。如果没有参数传递给 pnpm add，包将保存为常规依赖。与 npm 一样，--save-dev 和 --save-optional 可用于将软件包安装为开发或可选依赖。

¥pnpm does not allow installation of packages without saving them to package.json. If no parameters are passed to pnpm add, packages are saved as regular dependencies. Like with npm, --save-dev and --save-optional can be used to install packages as dev or optional dependencies.

由于此限制，项目在使用 pnpm 时不会有任何无关的包，除非它们删除依赖并使其成为孤立的。这就是为什么 pnpm 的 修剪命令 实现不允许你指定要修剪的包 - 它总是删除所有无关的和孤立的包。

¥As a consequence of this limitation, projects won't have any extraneous packages when they use pnpm unless they remove a dependency and leave it orphaned. That's why pnpm's implementation of the prune command does not allow you to specify packages to prune - it ALWAYS removes all extraneous and orphaned packages.

目录依赖

¥Directory dependencies

目录依赖以 file: 前缀开头，指向文件系统中的目录。与 npm 一样，pnpm 符号链接这些依赖。与 npm 不同，pnpm 不执行文件依赖的安装。

¥Directory dependencies start with the file: prefix and point to a directory in the filesystem. Like npm, pnpm symlinks those dependencies. Unlike npm, pnpm does not perform installation for the file dependencies.

这意味着，如果你有一个名为 foo (<root>/foo) 的包，其中有 bar@file:../bar 作为依赖，则当你在 foo 上运行 pnpm install 时，pnpm 将不会执行 <root>/bar 的安装。

¥This means that if you have a package called foo (<root>/foo) that has bar@file:../bar as a dependency, pnpm won't perform installation for <root>/bar when you run pnpm install on foo.

如果你需要同时在多个包中运行安装，例如在 monorepo 的情况下，你应该查看 pnpm -r 的文档。

¥If you need to run installations in several packages at the same time, for instance in the case of a monorepo, you should look at the documentation for pnpm -r.