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Version: 9.x

安装

先决条件

¥Prerequisites

如果你不使用独立脚本或 @pnpm/exe 来安装 pnpm,则需要在系统上安装 Node.js(至少 v18.12)。

¥If you don't use the standalone script or @pnpm/exe to install pnpm, then you need to have Node.js (at least v18.12) to be installed on your system.

使用独立脚本

¥Using a standalone script

即使你没有安装 Node.js,也可以使用以下脚本来安装 pnpm。

¥You may install pnpm even if you don't have Node.js installed, using the following scripts.

在 Windows 上

¥On Windows

警告

有时,如果你以这种方式安装 pnpm,Windows Defender 可能会阻止我们的可执行文件。

¥Sometimes, Windows Defender may block our executable if you install pnpm this way.

由于此问题,我们目前建议在 Windows 上使用 npmCorepack 安装 pnpm。

¥Due to this issue, we currently recommend installing pnpm using npm or Corepack on Windows.

使用 PowerShell:

¥Using PowerShell:

Invoke-WebRequest https://get.pnpm.io/install.ps1 -UseBasicParsing | Invoke-Expression

在 POSIX 系统上

¥On POSIX systems

curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -

如果你没有安装 curl,你想使用 wget:

¥If you don't have curl installed, you would like to use wget:

wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -
提示

然后你可以使用 pnpm env 命令来安装 Node.js。

¥You may use the pnpm env command then to install Node.js.

在 Docker 容器中

¥In a Docker container

# bash
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | ENV="$HOME/.bashrc" SHELL="$(which bash)" bash -
# sh
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | ENV="$HOME/.shrc" SHELL="$(which sh)" sh -
# dash
wget -qO- https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | ENV="$HOME/.dashrc" SHELL="$(which dash)" dash -

安装特定版本

¥Installing a specific version

在运行安装脚本之前,你可以选择设置环境变量 PNPM_VERSION 以安装特定版本的 pnpm:

¥Prior to running the install script, you may optionally set an env variable PNPM_VERSION to install a specific version of pnpm:

curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | env PNPM_VERSION=<version> sh -

使用 Corepack

¥Using Corepack

自 v16.13 起,Node.js 发布了用于管理包管理器的 Corepack。这是一项实验性功能,因此你需要通过运行以下命令来启用它:

¥Since v16.13, Node.js is shipping Corepack for managing package managers. This is an experimental feature, so you need to enable it by running:

信息

如果你已经安装了带有 pnpm env Corepack 的 Node.js,则系统上不会安装它,你需要单独安装它。参见 #4029

¥If you have installed Node.js with pnpm env Corepack won't be installed on your system, you will need to install it separately. See #4029.

corepack enable pnpm

如果你使用 Homebrew 安装 Node.js,则需要单独安装 corepack:

¥If you installed Node.js using Homebrew, you'll need to install corepack separately:

brew install corepack

这将自动在你的系统上安装 pnpm。

¥This will automatically install pnpm on your system.

你可以使用以下命令固定项目中使用的 pnpm 版本:

¥You can pin the version of pnpm used on your project using the following command:

corepack use pnpm@latest

这将在本地 package.json 中添加一个 "packageManager" 字段,指示 Corepack 始终在该项目上使用特定版本。如果你想要可重复性,这可能很有用,因为所有使用 Corepack 的开发者都将使用与你相同的版本。当 pnpm 的新版本发布时,你可以重新运行上述命令。

¥This will add a "packageManager" field in your local package.json which will instruct Corepack to always use a specific version on that project. This can be useful if you want reproducability, as all developers who are using Corepack will use the same version as you. When a new version of pnpm is released, you can re-run the above command.

使用其他包管理器

¥Using other package managers

使用 npm

¥Using npm

我们提供了两个 pnpm CLI 包,pnpm@pnpm/exe

¥We provide two packages of pnpm CLI, pnpm and @pnpm/exe.

  • pnpm 是 pnpm 的普通版本,需要 Node.js 才能运行。

    ¥pnpm is an ordinary version of pnpm, which needs Node.js to run.

  • @pnpm/exe 与 Node.js 一起打包成可执行文件,因此可以在未安装 Node.js 的系统上使用。

    ¥@pnpm/exe is packaged with Node.js into an executable, so it may be used on a system with no Node.js installed.

npm install -g pnpm

或者

¥or

npm install -g @pnpm/exe

使用 Homebrew

¥Using Homebrew

如果你安装了包管理器,则可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:

¥If you have the package manager installed, you can install pnpm using the following command:

brew install pnpm

使用 winget

¥Using winget

如果你安装了 winget,则可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:

¥If you have winget installed, you can install pnpm using the following command:

winget install -e --id pnpm.pnpm

使用 Scoop

¥Using Scoop

如果你安装了 Scoop,则可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:

¥If you have Scoop installed, you can install pnpm using the following command:

scoop install nodejs-lts pnpm

使用 Choco

¥Using Choco

如果你安装了 Chocolatey,则可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:

¥If you have Chocolatey installed, you can install pnpm using the following command:

choco install pnpm

使用 Volta

¥Using Volta

如果你安装了 Volta,则可以使用以下命令安装 pnpm:

¥If you have Volta installed, you can install pnpm using the following command:

volta install pnpm
提示

你想在 CI 服务器上使用 pnpm 吗?查看:持续集成

¥Do you wanna use pnpm on CI servers? See: Continuous Integration.

兼容性

¥Compatibility

以下是过去的 pnpm 版本以及相应 Node.js 版本支持的列表。

¥Here is a list of past pnpm versions with respective Node.js version support.

Node.jspnpm 7pnpm 8pnpm 9
Node.js 12
Node.js 14✔️
Node.js 16✔️✔️
Node.js 18✔️✔️✔️
Node.js 20✔️✔️✔️

故障排除

¥Troubleshooting

如果 pnpm 损坏并且无法通过重新安装来修复它,则可能需要手动将其从 PATH 中删除。

¥If pnpm is broken and you cannot fix it by reinstalling, you might need to remove it manually from the PATH.

假设你在运行 pnpm install 时出现以下错误:

¥Let's assume you have the following error when running pnpm install:

C:\src>pnpm install
internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:883
throw err;
^



Error: Cannot find module 'C:\Users\Bence\AppData\Roaming\npm\pnpm-global\4\node_modules\pnpm\bin\pnpm.js'
←[90m at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:880:15)←[39m
←[90m at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:725:27)←[39m
←[90m at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:72:12)←[39m
←[90m at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47←[39m {
code: ←[32m'MODULE_NOT_FOUND'←[39m,
requireStack: []
}

首先,尝试通过运行以下命令查找 pnpm 的位置:which pnpm。如果你使用的是 Windows,请运行 where.exe pnpm.* 你将获得 pnpm 命令的位置,例如:

¥First, try to find the location of pnpm by running: which pnpm. If you're on Windows, run where.exe pnpm.* You'll get the location of the pnpm command, for instance:

$ which pnpm
/c/Program Files/nodejs/pnpm

现在你知道 pnpm CLI 的位置,打开该目录并删除所有与 pnpm 相关的文件(pnpm.cmdpnpx.cmdpnpm 等)。完成后,再次安装 pnpm,它应该按预期工作。

¥Now that you know where the pnpm CLI is, open that directory and remove any pnpm-related files (pnpm.cmd, pnpx.cmd, pnpm, etc). Once done, install pnpm again and it should work as expected.

使用较短的别名

¥Using a shorter alias

pnpm 可能很难输入,因此你可以使用更短的别名,例如 pn

¥pnpm might be hard to type, so you may use a shorter alias like pn instead.

在 POSIX 系统上添加永久别名

¥Adding a permanent alias on POSIX systems

只需将以下行添加到 .bashrc.zshrcconfig.fish 中:

¥Just put the following line to your .bashrc, .zshrc, or config.fish:

alias pn=pnpm

在 Powershell (Windows) 中添加永久别名:

¥Adding a permanent alias in Powershell (Windows):

在具有管理员权限的 Powershell 窗口中,执行:

¥In a Powershell window with admin rights, execute:

notepad $profile.AllUsersAllHosts

在打开的 profile.ps1 文件中,输入:

¥In the profile.ps1 file that opens, put:

set-alias -name pn -value pnpm

保存文件并关闭窗口。你可能需要关闭所有打开的 Powershell 窗口才能使别名生效。

¥Save the file and close the window. You may need to close any open Powershell window in order for the alias to take effect.

更新 pnpm

¥Updating pnpm

要更新 pnpm,请运行 self-update 命令:

¥To update pnpm, run the self-update command:

pnpm self-update

卸载 pnpm

¥Uninstalling pnpm

如果你需要从系统中删除 pnpm CLI 及其写入磁盘的任何文件,请参阅 卸载 pnpm

¥If you need to remove the pnpm CLI from your system and any files it has written to your disk, see Uninstalling pnpm.